Wideband Square Sierpinski Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless Applications

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, a square Sierpinski fractal microstrip patch antenna over a rectangular-shaped partial ground plane is introduced. A self-similar property of fractal geometry is used based on the iteration algorithm that reaches up to four iterations. It is simulated by High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package version.14. A square slot is used to enhance antenna performance such as bandwidth and reflection coefficient S11. This antenna has been designed on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of (34×34) mm2, 1.5mm substrate thickness h, a permittivity of 4.3 and 0.02 loss tangent. Microstrip line feed is implemented to excite the proposed antenna. This antenna is designed for wide bandwidth (2.7-5.7) GHz, and it has two resonant frequencies at 3.2GHz and 4.8GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 3GHz. Four parameters are optimized in order to achieve wider bandwidth such as length of ground Lg , the width of feed line Wf , square slot area, and feed point position X. Also, the surface current distribution at various frequencies is presented. Simulation results indicate a good reflection coefficient S11 values equal to -17.7 dB and -43.1dB at two resonant frequencies (3.2, 4.8) GHz and radiation efficiency about 75% with a peak gain of 3.72dB. This antenna is suitable for various wireless applications such as S-band applications like radar and some communication satellite such as (wireless LAN, Bluetooth, GPS, microwave devices/communications and mobile phone), also it can be used in the lower portion of C-band.