A Hybrid Koch Embedded Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for Uwb & 5g Applications

Abstract

Abstract A Hybrid Koch Embedded Sierpinski Fractal Antenna with Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) feed for UWB and 5G Applications is proposed. The prototype is mathematically developed for ultra-wide resonance with a miniaturized cross-sectional area. A fractal design resembling a second-order Koch Snowflake fractal embedded to the Sierpinski Arrowhead radiator in a mutually proportional manner, increases the radiation across the entire surface area by extending the effective length of the dielectric. The CPW feed is incorporated into the radiator trace to improve the antenna's Fractional Bandwidth (FBW). The selected dielectric medium, FR-4 (ɛr = 4.4 and δ = 0.02), serves the dual purpose of ensuring structural integrity and enabling the generation of displacement current. The proposed antenna has overall dimensions of 0.45λo x 0.58λo x 0.03λo. The driven radiator exhibits FBW of 170% spanning at 2.45 GHz to 30.5 GHz, along with a peak gain 6.33 dB. The fabricated prototype shows good correlation in testing with a microwave analyzer. T. Thus, the proposed antenna covers a wide range of frequency bands, including S, C, X, Ku, and K-bands. It also covers the entire spectrum of UWB, 5G (Sub-6 GHz band) Frequency Range 1 (FR 1), and the most deployed 5G mm-wave Frequency Range 2 (FR 2) spectrum (24.25GHz to 29.5GHz).