Enhancing standard CFD based practices for site assessment through polynomial surrogates for estimating uncertainty in wind speed

Abstract

Abstract One of the challenges in digitizing the wind energy sector is to have reliable, accurate and efficient data assessment and prediction tools. We believe that accurate surrogates are key towards improving efficiency and reliability for informed decision making. For a quantitative understanding of wind and energy in complex terrains, a detailed site assessment is done, most often using mesoscale and/or microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based approach. Typically, one would require multiple scenarios/case for a CFD simulator to incorporate the influence of a parameter on variability of wind speed and energy production. These simulations are computationally expensive, and the industry is constantly on a look out for more efficient methods. Towards this end, we propose using a polynomial surrogate based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) for uncertainty quantification that requires only a few CFD simulations to assess the variability of wind speed with respect to variability in an input parameter. The variability estimates from PCE were first validated against the standard Monte Carlo method on simple benchmarks and then tested for complex terrains. In this work, we present results that help us understand how canopy foliage, particularly its height, impacts the variability in wind speed in complex terrains. Since the polynomial surrogate relies only on a limited set of input variations (forest height) to estimate the variability distributions for wind speed locally (for specified points of interests), it has proven to be a low-cost and accurate method for estimating uncertainty. In this paper, we discuss the results for wind speed variability for five sites with varying complexity using the polynomial surrogate model. Furthermore, the singular value decomposition (SVD) entropy value is used to quantify terrain complexity for the sites considered. We show how the variability in wind speed can potentially be correlated to terrain complexity. This is our first attempt in providing an empirically (including multiple sites) derived relationship that can be used as a basis for fast and reliable variability estimator for wind resource planners.