Multi-model approach for wind resource assessment

Abstract

Abstract This study presents a multi-model approach for wind resource assessment of a wind farm affected by external wakes. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), a mesoscale model, is employed to simulate external wind farm wakes, while the Farm Optimization and eXtended yield Evaluation Software (FOXES), an engineering model, is used to simulate the wind farm of interest. This hybrid approach addresses the limitation of both models, mainly the lack of layout effects in mesoscale models and the poor representation of cluster wakes in engineering models. A case study, focusing on the Kaskasi wind farm in the Heligoland cluster, shows that the WRF model predicts larger wake losses compared to FOXES, with the multi-model approach yielding intermediate results. Systematic differences are found as a function of wind speed and seasonality, while the models behave differently as a function of turbulence intensity. The external wake effect was clearly identified for one wind direction sector in WRF and the multi-model approach, while FOXES failed to represent this. The proposed methodology does not only enhance classic resource assessment, but also facilitates efficient layout optimization using cluster waked inflow and allows for wind farm control studies, contributing to both planning and operational phases of wind farm management.