Average intensity of astigmatic hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian beam propagating in oceanic turbulence

Abstract

Abstract We derive the received intensity of astigmatic hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian(AHSG) beam propagating through oceanic turbulence. Huygens–Fresnel integral is evaluated to reach the expression at the receiver side. Effect of variations on turbulence parameters such as the rate of dissipation of the mean square temperature, the rate of dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, and relative strength of the temperature and salinity fluctuations are examined. We observe that beam has a view having rings at close range but beam evolves into circular shape at a short/long distance depending on the parameters of oceanic turbulence. This evolution occurs faster when the rate of dissipation of the mean square temperature raises. We hope that our results will be used in underwater communication, imaging or range measurement applications.