Influence of highly optimized charge carrier mobility and diverse physical features toward efficient organic solar cells

Abstract

Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit potential in low-emissive photovoltaic (PV) technology by enhancing excitonic absorption, higher trap-assist recombination, lower excitons diffusion length (Ln,p), and carrier lifetime (τ n,p). The main challenge remains the asymmetric carrier mobility (μ n,p) of the organic absorbing layer (OAL) and various physical factors affecting efficiency (η). This effort has been explored through the attributes of different fullerene derivatives based on binary blends of OAL thickness that suggest new physical insights into the roles of several contributions in the PV performances under intense light illumination. The relationship between optimum mobility ratio (β) and lower trap-state density (Nt) of OAL in OSC structures for inclusive η has been collectively investigated. With a very thin OAL and pioneering transparent hole transport layers (HTLs) can significantly reduce recombination loss and enhance transparency, focusing on near-infrared band absorption and thin hetero-interface design for η and stability. The improved thin OALs, tunable absorption bands, and carrier selectivity address efficiency–transparency trade-offs and reproducibility concerns. The outcome revealed a stable η of 6.27% with a 250 nm thinnest OAL at a temperature of 300 K, which may be interpreted as a coupled framework for effective optimization strategies to accomplish balance between photogeneration and charge carrier recombination. Thus, the observed hypothetically analyzed results have verified the further optimization of OAL thickness for fabrication perspectives with a typical interpretation of ohmic contact.