Improvement of potato cultivation technology

Abstract

Abstract Existing methods for assessing the economic efficiency of the system of machines and technological methods contain numerous similar indicators. The multifaceted nature of the problem, its dynamism also cannot be covered by a single criterion – the value of the reduced costs. A method of systematic research and analysis of the technological efficiency of the production process has been developed to improve the technological processes and technical means for potato cultivation and to achieve higher economic indicators of agricultural production development. A generalized criterion characterizing the efficiency of the working process as a whole, which can be used to evaluate various technological operations in the production of potatoes, is obtained. Various technological processes performed by the working bodies of combined and serial machines were analyzed to verify and confirm the effectiveness of the developed provisions. At the same time, vector quantity was adopted as the main criterion for the comparative evaluation of machines and technologies. As a result of the implementation of this method, a scientifically based technological map for the cultivation of environmentally safe potatoes is proposed. The complex of agricultural practices for the implementation of the proposed technology is selected taking into account soil and climatic conditions and is designed for the cultivation of potatoes with minimal labor and money. The use of technological operations, such as the distribution of straw rolls on the field with its incorporation into the soil, germination of seed potatoes tubers in the peat-mineral shell, inter-row processing with sprinkling of plants with soil, simultaneous removal of the tops by crushing in the process of harvesting combines can significantly reduce costs in the production of potatoes.