Productivity of crop rotation by the main tillage in the Tyumen region

Abstract

Abstract The problem of tillage is one of the most pressing in agriculture and the most controversial. Mechanical tillage is the most common type of work in agriculture, without which it is hardly possible to cultivate crops. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2008–2016. The soil is leached chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition with morphological features and properties typical for Western Siberia. As a result of the long-term research, the effectiveness of differentiated main soil processing while the cultivation of crops in the crop rotation was established. It should be noted that the yield of spring wheat is higher when placed with the first crop after the full fallow, the yield of the second spring wheat after the full fallow is lower than the yield of the first wheat. Reducing the depth of processing led to a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. In terms of crop rotation, the highest yield of fodder and grain units per hectare was obtained by differentiated deep processing, which is higher than the control (moldboard) and moldboard-free. As a result of a decrease in the depth of processing, there was a decrease in the yield of fodder and grain units. The lowest yield of both fodder and grain units was obtained in the fields without main processing. In the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the cultivation of agricultural crops (annual grasses, spring wheat) is effective in terms of differentiated main tillage in crop rotation.