Abstract
Abstract
The article presents the results of researches on the change in the physical properties of leached chernozem during the cultivation of spring wheat according to the basic tillage options (moldboard, non-moldboard, differentiated, No-till) for three crop rotations (annual grass-spring wheat-spring wheat) and fallows. In the course of the field study of the water permeability of the subsurface layers of leached chernozem, it was found that moldboard and non-moldboard basic tillage have the maximum negative impact. They reduce the infiltration rate from a depth of 30 cm to 1.7, and from a depth of 50 cm - 2.2 mm/min. Also, the abovementioned systems of basic tillage reduce filtration to minimum values of 1.0-1.2 mm/min. The minimum negative effect was noted at differentiated tillage, in which the water permeability of the subsurface layers approaches the values of long-term fallow. The rate of absorption and movement of water in unsaturated soil changes relatively quickly, affecting the reserves of productive moisture, aeration of the root zone, and through them affects the productivity of the arable land. The productivity of the crop rotation with a seed fallow (annual grass-spring wheat spring – wheat spring) is reliably higher than the control according to the differentiated treatment; and it is 40% less according to the No-till basic tillage.