Influence of basic tillage on the productivity of leguminous crops

Abstract

Abstract The studies were carried out in order to identify the most effective method (plowing, loosening, their alternation in crop rotation, without main processing) of a mid-depth (20-22 and 12-14 cm) main processing of leached heavy loamy chernozem during cultivation of grain legume crops (peas, chickpeas) in the northern forest-steppe Tyumen region. The work was carried out in 2016–2019. Meteorological conditions in the study area are characterized by long cold winters, warm short summers, short spring and autumn, late spring and early autumn frosts. The highest yield of legumes was noted after plowing by 20-22 cm, so when cultivating peas, it was higher than after loosening to a similar depth, by 0.39 t/ha, chickpea - by 0.53 t/ha, compared with the option of alternating plowing and loosening in crop rotation, by 0.38 and 0.32 t/ha, respectively. With a decrease in tilling depth, the yield of peas and chickpeas decreased: for plowing - by 0.32 and 0.35 t/ha, after loosening - by 0.33 and 0.30 t/ha, in the variant with alternating plowing and loosening - by 0.26 and 0.21 t/ha. The lowest yield in the experiment was noted without basic tillage. The best results after plowing at 20-22 cm were due to the highest yield, as well as the highest mass of 1000 grains, the yield of fodder and grain units in this variant.