Potential and prospect of various raw materials for bioethanol production in Indonesia: A review

Abstract

Abstract An increased population has an impact on rising fuel needs. Fuel has relied on non-renewable sources in the last few decades and therefore, alternative renewable materials are needed to be developed. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy sources that can replace gasoline. Bioethanol generates very low emission and uses renewable sources. The development of bioethanol has three beneficial aspects, i.e. environment, energy security, and socio-economy. Various studies have been conducted on the potential materials that can be used as raw materials for bioethanol. Raw materials for bioethanol production are divided into three categories, i.e. first generation, second generation and third generation. Analysis of the characteristics, yield, productivity, availability and economy are mostly done to get the most prospective raw materials for bioethanol production. This paper discusses various raw materials for bioethanol based on differences in characteristics, sources, yield, productivity and availability of materials in Indonesia. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each as prospective materials are discussed.