Allelochemicals Analysis of Rumex vesicarius L. and Zygophyllum coccineum L., and Their Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Abstract

Abstract Plants samples were gathered from Ramadi, University of Anbar. Extraction processes performed from foliage in labs belonging to Center for Desert Studies using methanolic and aqueous extracts to assess their Allelopathy. Allelopathic bioassay applied with three concentrations 0.5, 1 and 2% On Germination%, Germination Rate, Germination Speed, Average Germination Speed, Response Index, Radicle and Plumule Length of wheat seed. Phytochemicals detection of the R. vesicarius presented highest percentage of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and Glycosides. GC/MS analysis proofed that R. vesicarius and Z. coccineum methanolic extracts contained highest 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (alkaloid) of 35.98% and 1,2-benzendicarboxyylic acid bis(-methylhexyl) ester (hydrocarbonate chain) of 35.06%, in each species extract, respectively. Methanolic and aqueous extract (%2) of R. vesicarius possessed lowest rate of germination (%13.3), (%50.7), respectively. On the other hand, methanolic and aqueous extract (%2) of Z. coccineum gave lowest germination rate of 30.6 and 81.3%, respectively. so, this extracts of R. vesicarius and Z. coccineum could be used as eco-friendly bioherbicide, and may be integrated into harmful weed control strategies.