Author:
Dewi R R,Nuryawan A,Sihombing J M,Tambunan I J,Berliana Y
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the major public health issues ofthe twenty-first century that poses a threat to human, animal and environment. Antibiotic abuseand misuse have contributed to the recent rise in AMR, and the usage of antibiotics in food-producing animal has selected for and spread resistant microorganisms. The high demand of meat to fulfill the worldwide population may force the farmer to employed the antibiotics in livestock production due to diseases obstacle. The integrated systems are one of the many systems utilized in the management of livestock enterprises. This mini review aimed to providea scenario of the state of the AMR development in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry System (ICLFS) related to antibiotic application in the livestock and impact of antibiotic resistance in the system where animal, environment and human are interconnected.