Entrepreneurial orientation across gender in Saudi Arabia: evidence from the Adult Population Survey (APS) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) across genders. The study also highlights the impact of cognitive and motivational factors on the EO in Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative analysis based on the Adult Population Survey of 2016 conducted by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor among a sample of 4,053 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Findings The results showed significant differences in most EO dimensions between genders. It was found that EO is positively related to gender, with more women intending to start a venture than men in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Self-efficacy, motivation and social welfare motivational factors for EO are positively associated with the gender of the respondents. Practical implications This paper illustrates the urgency to establish programs that support self-efficacy, motivation and social welfare to promote entrepreneurship among women in the Kingdom. Originality/value The study highlights the impact of cognitive and motivational factors on EO among females in Saudi Arabia.