Low-grade wind-driven directional flow in anchored droplets

Author:

Peng Shan1,Xie Binglin2,Wang Yanlei3ORCID,Wang Mi3,Chen Xiaoxin1,Ji Xiaoyu1,Zhao Chenyang1,Lu Gang4ORCID,Wang Dianyu5,Hao Ruiran6,Wang Mingzhan7ORCID,Hu Nan28,He Hongyan39ORCID,Ding Yulong10ORCID,Zheng Shuang11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China

2. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

5. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

6. School of Environmental Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475004, China

7. Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637

8. Pazhou Lab., Guangzhou 510005, China

9. Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451150, China

10. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

11. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Abstract

Low-grade wind with airspeed V wind < 5 m/s, while distributed far more abundantly, is still challenging to extract because current turbine-based technologies require particular geography (e.g., wide-open land or off-shore regions) with year-round V wind > 5 m/s to effectively rotate the blades. Here, we report that low-speed airflow can sensitively enable directional flow within nanowire-anchored ionic liquid (IL) drops. Specifically, wind-induced air/liquid friction continuously raises directional leeward fluid transport in the upper portion, whereas three-phase contact line (TCL) pinning blocks further movement of IL. To remove excessive accumulation of IL near TCL, fluid dives, and headwind flow forms in the lower portion, as confirmed by microscope observation. Such stratified circulating flow within single drop can generate voltage output up to ~0.84 V, which we further scale up to ~60 V using drop “wind farms”. Our results demonstrate a technology to tap the widespread low-grade wind as a reliable energy resource.

Funder

The University of Hong Kong

Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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