Author:
Drescher Knut,Dunkel Jörn,Nadell Carey D.,van Teeffelen Sven,Grnja Ivan,Wingreen Ned S.,Stone Howard A.,Bassler Bonnie L.
Abstract
Many bacterial species colonize surfaces and form dense 3D structures, known as biofilms, which are highly tolerant to antibiotics and constitute one of the major forms of bacterial biomass on Earth. Bacterial biofilms display remarkable changes during their development from initial attachment to maturity, yet the cellular architecture that gives rise to collective biofilm morphology during growth is largely unknown. Here, we use high-resolution optical microscopy to image all individual cells in Vibrio cholerae biofilms at different stages of development, including colonies that range in size from 2 to 4,500 cells. From these data, we extracted the precise 3D cellular arrangements, cell shapes, sizes, and global morphological features during biofilm growth on submerged glass substrates under flow. We discovered several critical transitions of the internal and external biofilm architectures that separate the major phases of V. cholerae biofilm growth. Optical imaging of biofilms with single-cell resolution provides a new window into biofilm formation that will prove invaluable to understanding the mechanics underlying biofilm development.
Funder
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
HHS | National Institutes of Health
National Science Foundation
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Human Frontier Science Program
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Cited by
184 articles.
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