The effects of fat thickness and sex on pig meat quality with special reference to the problems associated with overleanness 2. Laboratory and trained taste panel results

Abstract

ABSTRACTEvaluations of meat quality were made of 300 carcasses, of average weight 58 kg, falling into three fatness groups, 8, 12 and 16 mm for P2 fat thickness. There were equal numbers of entire males and gilts. An increase in fat thickness was associated with an increase in the firmness of loin and shoulder backfat, a reduced incidence of fat separation and changes in the composition of both muscle and backfat: the concentration of lipid increased and that of water decreased, more markedly in backfat. In addition, the concentration of collagen in backfat decreased. The loin joint was visually most attractive when P2 was 11 mm, attractiveness decreasing below and particularly above this value. Eating quality of grilled chops was assessed in a representative subsample of 96 pigs falling into the 8-mm and 16-mm P2 categories. The only statistically significant difference observed between these extremes of fat thickness was in juiciness which was lower in the leaner pigs; the correlation between juiciness score and m. longissimus lipid concentration (‘marbling fat’) was 0·31. Juiciness did not influence the assessment of overall eating quality which showed no association with fatness. Entire males of similar backfat thickness to gilts (12 mm P2) had a higher concentration of water and lower concentration of lipid in backfat and slightly softer backfat. There were no differences in eating quality, or in the presence of abnormal odours or flavours, between entire males and gilts. These results confirm those obtained in butcher and consumer panel tests in the same carcasses.