Disparities in food consumption between economically segregated urban neighbourhoods

Abstract

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between economic residential segregation and prevalence of healthy and unhealthy eating markers.Design:Cross-sectional. A stratified sample was selected in a three-stage process. Prevalence of eating markers and their 95 % CI were estimated according to economic residential segregation: high (most segregated); medium (integrated) and low (less segregated or integrated). Segregation was measured at the census tract and assessed using the Getis–Ord local $G_i^{\rm{\ast}}$ statistic based on the proportion of heads of household in a neighbourhood earning a monthly income of 0–3 minimum wages. Binary logistic regression using generalized estimating equations were used to model the associations.Setting:Belo Horizonte, Brazil.Participants:Adults (n 1301) residing in the geographical environment (178 census tracts) of ten units of the Brazilian primary-care service known as the Health Academy Program.Results:Of the 1301 participants, 27·7 % lived in highly segregated neighbourhoods, where prevalence of regular consumption of fruit was lower compared with more affluent areas (34·6 v. 53·2 %, respectively). Likewise, regular consumption of vegetables (70·1 v. 87·6 %), fish (23·6 v. 42·3 %) and replacement of lunch or dinner with snacks (0·8 v. 4·7 %) were lower in comparison to more affluent areas. In contrast, regular consumption of beans was higher (91·0 v. 79·5 %). The associations of high-segregated neighbourhood with consumption of vegetables (OR = 0·62; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·98) and beans (OR = 1·85; 95 % CI 1·07, 3·19) remained significant after adjustments.Conclusions:Economic residential segregation was associated with healthy eating markers even after adjustments for individual-level factors and perceived food environment.