1. Robinson, S. K. 1989 A review of vortex structures and associated coherent motions in turbulent boundary layers. In Proc. Second IUTAM Symp. on Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction. Zurich.
2. Acalar, M. S. & Smith, C. R. 1987 A study of hairpin vortices in a laminar boundary layer. Part 2. Hairpin vortices generated by fluid injection.J. Fluid Mech. 175,43–83.
3. Goldstein, D. , Handler, R. & Sirovich, L. 1993 Modeling a no-slip flow boundary with an external force field.J. Comput. Phys. 105,354–366.
4. Sallet, D. W. & Widmayer, R. S. 1974 An experimental investigation of laminar and turbulent vortex rings in air.Z. Flugwiss. 22,207–215.
5. Brooke, J. W. & Hanratty, T. J. 1993 Origin of turbulence-producing eddies in a channel flow.Phys. Fluids A 5,1011–1022.