1. L'Islamisme et la vie urbaine;Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres,1928
2. He also made the same point using the concept of hbâb, which literally means ‘loved ones’, but which often is used to refer to blood relations. When necessary for context such terms can be more strictly delimited. For example, Boujadis speak of some individuals being qrâb, or hbâb bish-shr'a, to indicate who are kinsmen within the definitions of Islamic laws concerning marriage and inheritance. In many respects qrâba in present-day Morocco resembles the concept of ‘asabîya presented over 500 years earlier by Ibn Khaldûn. Ibn Khaldûn is particularly good at indicating the multiple bases on which ‘asbîya can be based among both townsmen and tribesman, but ultimately opts for the ideological position that the ‘naturalness’ of blood ties makes them superior to the others.
3. Lapidus, Muslim Cities, p. 3.