Oscillations of a partially wetting bubble

Abstract

We study the linear stability of a compressible sessile bubble in an ambient fluid that partially wets a planar solid support, where the gas is assumed to be an ideal gas that obeys the adiabatic law. The frequency spectrum is computed from an integrodifferential boundary value problem and depends upon the wetting conditions through the static contact angle$\alpha$, the dimensionless equilibrium bubble pressure$\varPi$, and the contact-line dynamics that we assume to be either (i) pinned or (ii) freely moving with fixed contact angle. Corresponding mode shapes are defined by the polar-azimuthal mode number pair$[k,\ell ]$with$k+\ell =\mathbb {Z}^{+}_{even}$. We report instabilities to the (i)$[0,0]$breathing mode associated with volume change, and (ii)$[1,1]$mode that is linked to horizontal centre-of-mass motion of the bubble. Stability diagrams and instability growth rates are computed, and the respective instability mechanisms are revealed through an energy analysis. The zonal$\ell =0$modes are associated with volume change, and we show that there is a complex dependence between the classical volume and shape change modes for wetting conditions that differ from neutral wetting$\alpha =90^\circ$. Finally, we show how the classical frequency degeneracy for the Rayleigh–Lamb modes of the free bubble splits for the azimuthal modes$\ell \neq 0,1$.