Abstract
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has a high measles incidence despite elimination efforts and has yet to introduce rubella vaccine. We evaluated the performance of a prototype rapid digital microfluidics powered (DMF) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) assessing measles and rubella infection, by testing for immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunity from natural infection or vaccine, by testing immunoglobulin G (IgG), in outbreak settings. Field evaluations were conducted during September 2017, in Kinshasa province, DRC. Blood specimens were collected during an outbreak investigation of suspected measles cases and tested for measles and rubella IgM and IgG using the DMF-ELISA in the field. Simultaneously, a household serosurvey for measles and rubella IgG was conducted in a recently confirmed measles outbreak area. DMF-ELISA results were compared with reference ELISA results tested at DRC’s National Public Health Laboratory and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of 157 suspected measles cases, rubella IgM was detected in 54% while measles IgM was detected in 13%. Measles IgG-positive cases were higher among vaccinated persons (87%) than unvaccinated persons (72%). In the recent measles outbreak area, measles IgG seroprevalence was 93% overall, while rubella seroprevalence was lower for children (77%) than women (98%). Compared with reference ELISA, DMF-ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 78% for measles IgG; 88% and 89% for measles IgM; 85% and 85% for rubella IgG; and 81% and 83% for rubella IgM, respectively. Rubella infection was detected in more than half of persons meeting the suspected measles case definition during a presumed measles outbreak, suggesting substantial unrecognized rubella incidence, and highlighting the need for rubella vaccine introduction into the national schedule. The performance of the DMF-ELISA suggested that this technology can be used to develop rapid diagnostic tests for measles and rubella.
Funder
CDC Innovation Fund, Office of Science/Office of Technology and Innovation
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Canada Research Chairs Program
Abbott Laboratories
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Reference21 articles.
1. Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination—Worldwide, 2000–2019;MK Patel;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2020
2. Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control and Elimination—Worldwide, 2000–2018;GB Grant;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2019
3. Routine childhood immunisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a benefit-risk analysis of health benefits versus excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection;K Abbas;Lancet Glob Health,2020
4. WHO. Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012–2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/53400/retrieve.
5. WHO. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Surveillance Standards—Measles. https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/standards/en/.
Cited by
8 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献