Absorption of hexavalent chromium by green micro algae Chlorella sorokiniana: live planktonic cells

Abstract

Abstract Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is a toxic heavy metal that discharged by many industries into the water streams. It is the most toxic form of chromium compound, which causes significant damage to receiving ecosystems. A microalgal species, Chlorella sp., was used as a biosorbent material to remove Cr (VI) from Cr-contaminated effluents. Furthermore, different variables: pH, temperature, contact time, Cr (VI) concentration and algal dose, were optimized in order to determine the optimum conditions that achieve the highest removal efficiency. The optimization process was achieved through two steps: one factor at a time (OFAT) experiments followed by 25 general full factorial. Moreover, molecular identification was performed using 18S rRNA in order to demonstrate the species of Chlorella, and it was identified as Chlorella sorokiniana. The highest chromium removal efficiency of 99.6793% was achieved at 100 ppm Cr (VI) after three days' contact time. Chlorophyll ‘a’ estimation as a growth indicator stated that Chlorella sorokiniana can tolerate 100 ppm Cr (VI) for three days' exposure. The results suggested that Chlorella sorokiniana is a good biosorbent material and it distinguished by its high ability to uptake Cr (VI) from solutions.