A study of highly efficient phenol biodegradation by a versatile Bacillus cereus ZWB3 on aerobic condition

Abstract

As one of the organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, phenol seriously threatens the environment and human health. Among various methods, microbial degradation of phenol possesses the advantages of nontoxicity and no secondary pollution. Therefore, search for microbial resources that can efficiently degrade phenol has become an important issue. In this study, a strain that could efficiently degrade phenol was isolated. The strain was identified as Bacillus cereus based on its morphology, physiological and biochemical features and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The strain can completely degrade phenol up to 1,500 mg/L within 26 h (57.7 mg·L−1·h−1), under the optimum conditions, faster compared with the known degrading bacteria. The strain could efficiently remove phenol at a wide range of temperatures (22–37 °C) and pH (7–9), and Mn2+ and Zn2+ stress. Interestingly, this strain displayed the potential on microthermal environment, which could degrade 1,200 mg/L phenol within 36 h at 22 °C. Further, the strain had capacity that used a variety of aromatic compounds as the sole carbon source for growth. This study shows a useful biodegradation route on the wastewater treatment under high phenol concentration conditions, providing alternatives for environmental remediation.