QUALITATIVE BULKY FEEDS IS THE BASE OF ADEQUATE DIETS FOR HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE LIVESTOCK

Abstract

At present we obtain the stable increasing of livestock milk productivity in Russia, but in the same time there is reduction of cows number and deficit of milk production that resolved only by import for 15–25%. The main factor, limited the gain of milk production volumes, is low quality of bulky feeds, the base of livestock rations, the portion of which is compound more than 50% on nutritiousness. Moreover, bulky feeds determine the type of feeding, quantity and quality of including mixed concentrate fodders, bio-additives and feed additives in diets. Experience of advanced specialized farms shows, that Holstein cows able to give 10–12 thousand kg of milk during lactation, whereas Ayrshire cattle — 7.5–8 thousand kg of milk if silage and haylage in diet conforms to requirements of 1 category and contains not less 10 MJ of metabolized energy (9 MJ for hay) and more than 14% of crude protein. Low quality of balky feeds is compensated by exceeding of concentrates in diets, that due negative influence on animal health and decrease the terms of their productive use to 2–2.5 lactations. The enhancing of bulky feeds quality is possible at state supporting of milk branch and realization the complex measures in farms, directed on application the advanced technologies of forage crops cultivation and harvesting, effective approaches of its processing and preservation.