Age- and Sex-dependent Frequency of Fat Metaplasia and Other Structural Changes of the Sacroiliac Joints in Patients without Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional MRI Study

Abstract

Objective.To determine the prevalence of fat metaplasia and other structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints associated with axial spondyloarthritis in a nonrheumatological patient population.Methods.Magnetic resonance imaging examinations that included the pelvis and were performed in patients without known rheumatological disease were used for this retrospective cross-sectional study. These images were evaluated for sacroiliac fat metaplasia, sclerosis, osteophytes, and joint space alterations such as erosions or ankylosis. Patients were divided into 7 age groups (15–24 to ≥ 75 yrs). Prevalence of lesions across age groups was calculated. Possible clinical confounders (e.g., status post radiation, suspected inflammatory bowel disease) were investigated regarding their effect on lesion prevalence and extent, to exclude bias.Results.A total of 485 patients were enrolled. Fat metaplasia was very common and increased with age, from a prevalence of 50.6% in the age groups < 45, to 94.4% in patients ≥ 75 years. Erosions were uncommon: 0.6% of patients < 45, and 2.6% of the entire study population exhibited this feature, with no detectable age-dependent increase. Sclerosis and osteophytes were detected in 13.7% and 37.0% of patients, respectively. None of the investigated clinical confounders had a significant effect on lesion prevalence.Conclusion.Our study shows a very high prevalence of fat metaplasia adjacent to the sacroiliac joint in asymptomatic patients, while erosions are extremely uncommon.