The metabolism of neuropeptides. The hydrolysis of peptides, including enkephalins, tachykinins and their analogues, by endopeptidase-24.11

Abstract

Endopeptidase-24.11 (EC 3.4.24.11), purified to homogeneity from pig kidney, was shown to hydrolyse a wide range of neuropeptides, including enkephalins, tachykinins, bradykinin, neurotensin, luliberin and cholecystokinin. The sites of hydrolysis of peptides were identified, indicating that the primary specificity is consistent with hydrolysis occurring at bonds involving the amino group of hydrophobic amino acid residues. Of the substrates tested, the amidated peptide substance P is hydrolysed the most efficiently (Km = 31.9 microM; kcat. = 5062 min-1). A free alpha-carboxy group at the C-terminus of a peptide substrate is therefore not essential for efficient hydrolysis by the endopeptidase. A large variation in kcat./Km values was observed among the peptide substrates studied, a finding that reflects a significant influence of amino acid residues, remote from the scissile bond, on the efficiency of hydrolysis. These subsite interactions between peptide substrate and enzyme thus confer some degree of functional specificity on the endopeptidase. The inhibition of endopeptidase-24.11 by several compounds was compared with that of pig kidney peptidyldipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1). Of the inhibitors examined, only N-[1(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-Phe-p-aminobenzoate inhibited endopeptidase-24.11 but not peptidyldipeptidase. Captopril (D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline), Teprotide (pGlu-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) and MK422 [N-[(S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-Ala-L-Pro] were highly selective as inhibitors of peptidyldipeptidase. Although not wholly specific, phosphoramidon was a more potent inhibitor of endopeptidase-24.11 than were any of the synthetic compounds tested.