Mucin utilization by gut microbiota: recent advances on characterization of key enzymes

Author:

Raba Grete1,Luis Ana S.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15 12618, Tallinn, Estonia

2. 2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

Abstract The gut microbiota interacts with the host through the mucus that covers and protects the gastrointestinal epithelium. The main component of the mucus are mucins, glycoproteins decorated with hundreds of different O-glycans. Some microbiota members can utilize mucin O-glycans as carbons source. To degrade these host glycans the bacteria express multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases and esterases which are active on specific linkages. The studies of these enzymes in an in vivo context have started to reveal their importance in mucin utilization and gut colonization. It is now clear that bacteria evolved multiple specific CAZymes to overcome the diversity of linkages found in O-glycans. Additionally, changes in mucin degradation by gut microbiota have been associated with diseases like obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Thereby understanding how CAZymes from different bacteria work to degrade mucins is of critical importance to develop new treatments and diagnostics for these increasingly prevalent health problems. This mini-review covers the recent advances in biochemical characterization of mucin O-glycan-degrading CAZymes and how they are connected to human health.

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

Molecular Biology,Biochemistry

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