Evaluation of serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels as a biomarker of poor short-term prognosis in ischemic stroke

Abstract

The aim was to investigate the relationship between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and short-term functional outcome, and to determine its possible role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a prospective observational study, 299 first-ever AIS who were admitted to our hospital were included. Serum levels of RBP4 were assayed and severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. The prognostic value of RBP4 to predict the poor outcome within 3 months was compared with the NIHSS and with other known outcome predictors. The median age of the included patients was 66 (interquartile range (IQR): 55–77) years and 155 (51.8%) were women. A poor functional outcome was found in 88 patients (29.4%), and significantly higher RBP4 values were found in poor outcomes rather than good outcomes patients (P<0.001). The poor outcomes distribution across the RBP4 quartiles ranged between 9.3% (first quartile) and 60.8% (fourth quartile). In multivariate models comparing the second(Q2), third, and fourth quartiles against the first quartile of the RBP4, RBP4 in Q3 and Q4 were associated with poor functional outcome, and increased risk of poor functional outcome by 144% (OR: 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–5.03) and 602% (7.02; 3.11–12.24), respectively. Interestingly, RBP4 improved the NIHSS score (area under the curve (AUC) of the combined model, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.74–0.85; P<0.001). The data showed that elevated serum levels of RBP4 at admission were associated with severity and prognosis of AIS, suggesting that vitamin A metabolism or impaired insulin signaling could be involved.