Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function

Author:

Athar Faria1,Karmani Muskan1,Templeman Nicole M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada

Abstract

Abstract The female reproductive system is strongly influenced by nutrition and energy balance. It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones—including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin—signal throughout the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women’s health overall.

Funder

Canada Research Chairs

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Michael Smith Health Research BC

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Biophysics

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