Gestational diabetes mellitus: outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth

Abstract

Relevance. Gestational diabetes mellitus remains an important medical and social problem, which is determined by the high frequency of occurrence and the negative impact on the outcomes of pregnancy and the condition of the newborn, as well as the presence of long-term therapeutic consequences for the mother and progeny. The aim of the study was to study the features of the anamnesis, the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus compensated by diet therapy. Materials and methods. A retrospective study involved 30 pregnant women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (group 1) and 30 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus compensated by diet therapy. The features of the somatic and obstetric-gynecological anamnesis, the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth are analyzed. The statistical methods of the study were performed using the SPSS Statistica for Windows 17.0 software packages, the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, likelihood ratio, linear-linear relationship were used at the significance level of the criterion of 0.05. The results of the study. The somatic history of women with gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with the presence of overweight / obesity (40.0%) and allergic diseases (10.0%), obstetric and gynecological-cases of complicated childbirth (36.7%), often premature (13.3%), as well as cesarean section operations and the birth of low-weight children. Pregnancy against the background of carbohydrate disorders compensated by diet therapy is associated with an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting in the early stages (10.0%), edema of pregnant women (30.0%), placenta previa (13.3%), anemia (50.0%), urogenital infection (66.6%), cesarean section operations (40.0%). In newborns from mothers with carbohydrate disorders, an increase in growth-weight indicators was noted against the background of a violation of their functional characteristics. Conclusion. Optimization of the prognosis, early diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus is a necessary strategy to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and offspring.