Blood Levels of Organochlorine Contaminants Mixtures and Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

ImportanceCardiovascular toxic effects derived from high exposures to individual organochlorine compounds are well documented. However, there is no evidence on low but continuous exposure to combined organochlorine compounds in the general population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of combined exposure to several organochlorine compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective nested case–control study included data from 2 cohorts: the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and the Cohort of 60-Year-Olds (60YO), with matched case-control pairs based on age, sex, and sample date. Baseline blood sampling occurred from November 2003 to September 2009 (SMC-C) and from August 1997 to March 1999 (60YO), with follow-up through December 2017 (SMC-C) and December 2014 (60YO). Participants with myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke were matched with controls for composite CVD evaluation. Data were analyzed from September 2020 to May 2023.ExposuresA total of 25 organochlorine compounds were measured in blood at baseline by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. For 7 compounds, more than 75% of the samples were lower than the limit of detection and not included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident cases of primary myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were ascertained via linkage to the National Patient Register (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes I21 and I63). The quantile-based g-computation method was used to estimate the association between the combined exposure to several organochlorine compounds and composite CVD.ResultsOf 1528 included participants, 1024 (67.0%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (7.0) years in the SMC-C and 61 (0.1) years in the 60YO. The odds ratio of composite CVD was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.11-2.64) per 1-quartile increment of total organochlorine compounds mixture. Organochlorinated pesticides were the largest contributors, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane and transnonachlor had the highest impact. Most of the outcome was not explained by disturbances in the main cardiometabolic risk factors, ie, high body mass index, hypertension, lipid alteration, or diabetes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective nested case-control study, participants with higher exposures to organochlorines had an increased probability of experiencing a cardiovascular event, the major cause of death worldwide. Measures may be required to reduce these exposures.