Cannabis and Driving in Older Adults

Author:

Di Ciano Patricia123,Rajji Tarek K.345,Hong Lauren1,Zhao Sampson12,Byrne Patrick6,Elzohairy Yoassry6,Brubacher Jeffrey R.7,McGrath Michael6,Brands Bruna128,Chen Sheng9,Wang Wei9,Hasan Omer S. M.14,Wickens Christine M.1210311,Kaduri Pamela121314,Le Foll Bernard1231315

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

3. Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

4. Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

5. Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

6. Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

7. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

8. Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

9. Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

10. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

11. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

12. Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

13. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

14. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbill University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania

15. Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

ImportanceEpidemiological studies have found that cannabis increases the risk of a motor vehicle collision. Cannabis use is increasing in older adults, but laboratory studies of the association between cannabis and driving in people aged older than 65 years are lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cannabis, simulated driving, and concurrent blood tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing an ecologically valid counterbalanced design, in this cohort study, regular cannabis users operated a driving simulator before, 30 minutes after, and 180 minutes after smoking their preferred legal cannabis or after resting. This study was conducted in Toronto, Canada, between March and November 2022 with no follow-up period. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresMost participants chose THC-dominant cannabis with a mean (SD) content of 18.74% (6.12%) THC and 1.46% (3.37%) cannabidiol (CBD).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary end point was SD of lateral position (SDLP, or weaving). Secondary outcomes were mean speed (MS), maximum speed, SD of speed, and reaction time. Driving was assessed under both single-task and dual-task (distracted) conditions. Blood THC and metabolites of THC and CBD were also measured at the time of the drives.ResultsA total of 31 participants (21 male [68%]; 29 White [94%], 1 Latin American [3%], and 1 mixed race [3%]; mean [SD] age, 68.7 [3.5] years), completed all study procedures. SDLP was increased and MS was decreased at 30 but not 180 minutes after smoking cannabis compared with the control condition in both the single-task (SDLP effect size [ES], 0.30; b = 1.65; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.93; MS ES, −0.58; b = −2.46; 95% CI, −3.56 to −1.36) and dual-task (SDLP ES, 0.27; b = 1.75; 95% CI, 0.21 to 3.28; MS ES, −0.47; b = −3.15; 95% CI, −5.05 to −1.24) conditions. Blood THC levels were significantly increased at 30 minutes but not 180 minutes. Blood THC was not correlated with SDLP or MS at 30 minutes, and SDLP was not correlated with MS. Subjective ratings remained elevated for 5 hours and participants reported that they were less willing to drive at 3 hours after smoking.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, the findings suggested that older drivers should exercise caution after smoking cannabis.

Publisher

American Medical Association (AMA)

Cited by 2 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Einschränkungen der Mobilität von älteren Verkehrsteilnehmern durch Medikamente, Alkohol und Cannabis;Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz;2024-06-24

2. Neuromodulation for Cannabis Use: A Scoping Review;Brain Sciences;2024-04-02

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