1. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
2. Division of General Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
5. The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
6. Department of Health Policy and Management, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland