1. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
2. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
3. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
4. CVS Health, Woonsocket, Rhode Island
5. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
6. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
7. Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
8. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts