Sports activities and professional specialty influence on psychophysiological functions and orthostatic reactions indicators of pedagogical universities students

Abstract

Purpose: to identify the influence of the professional orientation of education and lifestyle (sports) on the indicators of psychophysiological functions and orthostatic reactions of students of various faculties of pedagogical universities. Material and methods. 812 students of pedagogical institutions of higher education of Ukraine took part in the study: 88 students of the faculty of elementary education, 76 students of history, 130 of natural sciences, 131 of foreign philology, 93 of the faculty of preschool education, 198 of Ukrainian language, 25 of the faculty of physical education and sports, 24 students from the Faculty of Arts, 47 students from the Faculty of Psychology and Sociology. Psychophysiological testing was carried out according to the Psychodiagnostics program and involved determining the speed of a simple visual-motor reaction, determining the speed of a choice of two elements out of three. During psychophysiological testing, the reaction time and the number of errors were determined for each test. The results. Students of the faculties of elementary education, preschool education, and the faculty of natural sciences have a significantly shorter reaction time in the test for a simple visual-motor reaction (p<0.05), and, accordingly, the best indicators of the mobility of nervous processes in comparison with students of other faculties of pedagogical universities. These faculties have the largest number of errors in the test for the choice of two elements out of three (p<0.05), and, accordingly, the lowest strength of nervous processes. Conclusions. Sports have a positive effect on the indicators of the strength of nervous processes according to the results of the number of errors in the reaction test for choosing two items out of three (p<0.05). Also, playing sports has a positive effect on the quality of vegetative regulation of vascular tone, which is reflected in lower values ​​of the heart rate during the transition from a horizontal position of the body to a vertical one in students who play sports (p<0.05).