Functional readiness and properties of the nervous system peculiarities of art specialties’ future teachers

Abstract

Background and purpose. The future professional work of students of the Faculty of Arts is characterized by an insufficient level of physical activity of a dynamic nature in combination with a large static load and highly coordinated finger work. Representatives of these specialties have their own psychological characteristics. Purpose: to reveal the peculiarities of the properties of the nervous system and the functional potential of the cardiovascular system of students - future teachers of fine arts and music and, based on the obtained data, to develop recommendations for physical education and sports. Material and methods. Students of Pedagogical University took part in the study. The total number of students was 812. 24 of them were students of the Faculty of Arts. Future specialists in physical education and sports took part in the number of 25 people. 763 students were representatives of other faculties. Properties of the nervous system were determined using psychophysiological testing. During psychophysiological testing, the reaction time and the number of errors were determined for each test. The indicators of the orthostatic test were used as indicators of functional readiness. In the orthostatic test, the heart rate was measured in the lying position and in the standing position and the difference between these indicators. Statistical analysis involved comparing students of the Faculty of Arts with students of other faculties using parametric methods, since all samples corresponded to a normal distribution. Results. Future teachers of creative specialties have reliably the least mobility in combination with the highest stability of nervous processes in comparison with representatives of other pedagogical specialties. Reliable differences were found between the indicators of orthostatic reactions of students of the Faculty of Arts and the faculty where future sports coaches are trained. Orthostatic regulation is significantly better in students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Conclusions. It is necessary to adjust the program of physical education of students of creative specialties to increase the interest of students and to match physical exercises to the features of the nervous system of students of the Faculty of Arts. Future teachers of creative specialties can be recommended to engage in any kind of sport or motor activity, but the most suitable for them are exercises that require the development of endurance in combination with the inclusion of cognitive processes and concentration: walks with observation of nature and the city, exercises performed to music, exercises with a concentration on various natural images, etc.