AGROPHYTOCENOSIS FORMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN CASE OF APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

Abstract

The article shows the results of the research on the development of methods for increasing spring durum wheat yield (Triticum Durum) in the system of application of liquid mineral fertilizers: Megamix for pre-sowing seed preparation, treatment of crops during the growing season with mineral fertilizers N16P16K16 for pre-sowing soil preparation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out on the experimental field of Samara State Agrarian University in 2017-2020. In the course of a three-factor field experiment, the main biometric parametres were assessed: sprout density and plant survivability in crops, formation of aboveground mass and accumulation of dry matter, photosynthetic activity with analysis of leaf area, formation of photosynthetic potential and photosynthesis net productivity. It was found that the best parametres are formed on the variants with seed treatment of with Megamix Seeds or Megamix Profi, followed by two-fold treatment during the growing season with Megamix Profi 0.5 l / ha (tillering phase) + Megamis Nitrogen 0.5 l / ha (flag leaf phase ), with application of N16P16K16 fertilizer. It was revealed that, in this case, the sprout density is formed at the level of 78.0 ... 77.7%. The usage of Megamix for seed treatment system + treatment of crops with Megamix stimulants ensures the maximum increase of the aboveground mass in the variant of seed treatment with Megamix Seeds and treatment of crops with Megamix Profi - 1582.0 g / m2; as well as a mixture of Megamix Profi + Megamix Nitrogen - 1614, 0 g / m2 after applying N16P16K16. In these variants, the maximum leaf area and photosynthetic potential of 0.776 ... 0.981 million m2 / ha days are formed and, as a consequence, the maximum yield with the parametres of 2.89 ... 3.03 t / ha. It was found that application of liquid mineral fertilizers in all variants of the experiment significantly increases spring durum wheat yield.