Features of the formation of yield and quality of durum spring wheat in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic

Abstract

Relevance. The main areas of durum wheat cultivation are located in the regions of the Lower and Middle Volga region, the southern Urals and the southern regions of Siberia. The Chuvash Republic is not a traditional region for the cultivation of spring durum wheat. The development of varietal technologies that take into account the adaptive potential of the crop, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the region, is especially relevant for expanding the area of cultivation of this crop.Methods. To conduct research in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic, a single-factor experiment was carried out in six repetitions with five varieties of spring durum wheat: Bezenchukskaya 139, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya, Luch 25, Kargala 223, Annushka. Records and observations were carried out according to the methods of state variety testing.Results. The highest tillering indicators were noted in the standard variety, where the indicators of general and productive tillering were 1.8 and 1.7, respectively, and in the Luch 25 variety — 1.9 and 1.6 respectively. The largest number of productive stems for harvesting was formed by varieties of the Bezenchuk selection, the lowest indicator — 458 pcs. per 1 sq. m was shown by the Kargal variety 223. The best indicators of the yield structure on average for two years should be noted in the varieties Bezenchukskaya 139 and Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya. The lowest indicators on the structure of the crop are noted in the varieties Kargala 223 and Annushka. The most full-weight grain on average for two years was formed by the varieties Luch 25, where the mass of 1000 grains was 42.9 g, Annushka — 42.4 g, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya — 40.9 g. The highest yield was provided by the varieties Bezenchukskaya (139–3.41 t/ha) and Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya (3.19 t/ha).