1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Spokane St., Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall 117, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA (Corresponding author), e-mail: qiao@wsu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-0147