1. Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada (Corresponding author), e-mail: andrew.pan@alum.utoronto.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3478-3811
2. Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-6511