1. Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, R.O.C.
2. Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C.
3. Department of Hepato‑Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C.
4. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C.