Effects of Parity Orders and System Managements on Vitamins A and E in Camel Milk

Abstract

Introduction: Camel milk provides high nutrient content for people living in harsh environments. The current study evaluates levels of vitamins A and E in camels' milk in different production systems. Materials and Methods: The camel milk samples were gathered from a total of 42 lactating she-camels that were in varying phases of the nursing process at the second and third parties in state of Khartoum, Sudan. Semi-closed and closed farms, as well as grazing ranges, are used for the rearing of she-camels (14 milk samples were collected from each production system). Results: The findings revealed that a high level of vitamin A was observed in the camel milk samples obtained from the she-camels at third parties in the grazing range. Second parties in the confined farm recorded highly significant amounts of vitamin E. The results demonstrated that the vitamin A content of camel milk was strongly impacted by both the types of production methods and parity orders. In contrast, vitamin E was only significantly affected by parity orders. Conclusions:  The production system and parity orders significantly impact camel milk levels of vitamins A and E. However, further studies are needed to correlate all the contributing factors to the levels of camel milk vitamins.