Main directions of plants integrated protection in the conditions of organic agriculture

Abstract

The environmental situation in the world is only getting worse every year. This is caused by an increase in air pollution, wastewater pollution, wood burning, and others. Since 2013, ammonia emissions by European Union companies have increased significantly. This was facilitated, among other things, using synthetic pesticides. That is why the transition of agriculture to organic farming standards can be considered a good alternative. The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of combining known organic pesticides in one biogeocenosis. A combined treatment of the vegetable crop Brassica oleracea with such biological pesticides as Bacillus thuringiensis and pyrethrin, combined with mass pest trapping, is proposed in the research. When combining these three approaches, the efficiency was 93%. The total crop yield was 27 tons/ha, while the area of the field where pheromone and yellow sticky traps were used had a yield of 34 tons/ha. These methods were effective against the following pests: Ceutorhynchus rapae, Aleyrodes proletella, and Brevicoryne brassicae. Leaf damage was reduced by 93% on average during the study period when using the combined approach. During the two-year research, it was possible to neutralize 1882 insects by mass trapping and find out that the largest number of Ceutorhynchus rapae affect the crop in May and August, but the use of pheromone traps is most effective in October. The combination of individual methods increased the effectiveness of each method due to the synchronized impact on different pests. Increasing vegetable yields in Albania in the future can also solve the problem of hunger in countries with unfavourable climatic conditions by increasing the export of these crops