[Review Article] Nanocarriers for Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Protein and peptide drugs offer significant promise as therapeutic agents due to their superior efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to conventional chemical drugs. Nevertheless, difficulties with medication delivery techniques impede their practical deployment. Poor absorption limits non-invasive delivery methods such as nasal, pulmonary, and transdermal distribution, whereas oral administration suffers from low bioavailability and stability problems. Parenteral administration involves certain difficulties, such as low patient compliance and pain, but it also shows promise as a protein-based drug delivery method. AIM: This review article aims to explore the development of structure-based nanocarriers designed for drug delivery, which have shown potential to address the limitations associated with protein and peptide drug delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A complete literature review was undertaken utilizing Google Scholar and other trustworthy scientific sources to acquire relevant material for this study. Keywords included in the search were “Nanocarriers”, “bioavailability”, “absorption”, “peptide”, “protein drug delivery”, and “permeability”. This review investigated peer-reviewed publications, research papers, and reviews relating to the issue of inclusion. RESULTS: The review highlights the advancements in structure-based nanocarriers for protein and peptide drug delivery. These nanocarriers have demonstrated reduced side effects and improved therapeutic efficacy compared to free drug molecules. The ability of new and advanced nanocarriers to facilitate targeted drug delivery, overcome physiological barriers, and enable controlled drug release within the body is discussed. CONCLUSION: By developing structure-based nanocarriers, the problems with conventional drug delivery techniques may be addressed, and protein and peptide medication delivery can be improved. Potential benefits of these nanocarriers include enhanced absorption, tailored drug administration, and greater bioavailability, which might result in safer and more successful treatment results for a range of illnesses.