The functions of the verb ‘to say’ in the Jordanian Arabic dialect of Irbid

Author:

Al-Shawashreh Ekab1,Jarrah Marwan2,Zuraikat Malek J.1

Affiliation:

1. Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

2. The University of Jordan , Amman Jordan

Abstract

Abstract This research investigates the functions of the verb ‘to say’ in the Jordanian Arabic dialect of Irbid (JADI). Relying on a 250,000-word corpus, we propose that the speech verb ‘to say’ in JADI has one main lexical function (i.e. introducing direct or indirect speech) in addition to three functions which the verb develops, i.e. expressing the speaker’s mental state, signalling indirect evidentiality, and revealing the speaker’s incredulity towards the accompanying utterance. We show that in these three developed functions, the verb lost one or more of its lexical properties, because of an (initial or advanced) grammaticalization process whose effects are clearly manifested by the function of the verb as an incredulity marker, in which case the verb is semantically bleached, phonologically reduced, and de-categorized. Following Traugott (1989), Wang et al. (2003) and Hsieh (2012), among others, we propose that the grammaticalization path of the speech verb in JADI into these three functions are motivated by pragmatic inference and (inter)subjectification. The directionality of the grammaticalization process is also shown to be implemented from propositional (through textual) to expressive functions.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

General Medicine

Reference50 articles.

1. Abdel-Hafez, A. 2006. “The development of future markers in Arabic and the Nile Nubian languages”. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 6. 64–79.

2. Aikhenvald, A. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

3. Aikhenvald, A. 2011. “The grammaticalization of evidentiality”. In: Heine, B. and H. Narrog (eds.), The Oxford handbook of grammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 606–613.

4. Al-Khatib, M. 1988. Sociolinguistic change in an expanding urban center: A case study of Irbid City, Jordan. (PhD Dissertation, University of Durham.)

5. Al-Malahmeh, M. 2013. The interaction of indirect evidentiality, temporality and epistemic modality in Jordanian Arabic: The case of deverbal agentives. (PhD dissertation, University of Kansas.)

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