Affiliation:
1. Department of Civil Engineering , Manipal University Jaipur , Jaipur , 303007 , Rajasthan , India
Abstract
Abstract
The present study identifies the hydraulic efficiency of a novel onsite sanitation system at variable hydraulic shock loading conditions. The system consisted of three chambers, each working as an up-flow anaerobic bioreactor, accommodated within a single unit. The hydraulic characteristics were identified with the help of residence time distribution (RTD) analysis by step feeding of lithium chloride (LiCl) solution into the system. The experiments were run at variable hydraulic loading conditions at different peak flow factors (PFF) of 1, 2, 4 and 6 while maintaining 24-h hydraulic retention time. As revealed in the RTD analysis, the biofilm reactor achieved a very good hydraulic efficiency that varied from 0.76 to 0.81 at PFF 1, 2 and 4. Although in the case of PFF6, it was comparatively low. It was noted that the dispersion number was always below 0.2 at variable hydraulic shock loading conditions under different PFFs, which indicated that the reactor behaved perfectly between mixed-flow and plug-flow reactor. The system was also able to achieve good pollutant removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) under all PFFs, which was more than 68 and 75%, respectively.
Subject
General Chemical Engineering
Reference26 articles.
1. Alaerts, G. J., S. Veenstra, M. Bentvelsen, and L. A. Van Duijl. 1993. “Feasibility of Anaerobic Sewage Treatment in Sanitation Strategies in Developing Countries.” Water Science and Technology 27: 179–86, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0042.
2. Anderson, G. K., C. M. M. Campos, C. A. L. Chernicharo, and L. C. Smith. 1991. “Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Lithium when Used as a Tracer for Anaerobic Digesters.” Water Research 25 (7): 755–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90154-I.
3. APHA. 1995. American Public Health Association - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), and the Water Environment Federation (WEF).
4. Cullimore, D. R., and T. Viraraghavan. 1994. “Microbiological Aspects of Anaerobic Filter Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent at Low Temperatures.” Environmental Technology 15 (2): 165–73, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339409385416.
5. Ducoste, J., K. Carlson, W. Bellamy, and K. Carlson. 2001. “The Integrated Disinfection Design Framework Approach to Reactor Hydraulics Characterization Combined CFD and Biokinetic Modelling View Project the Integrated Disinfection Design Framework Approach to Reactor Hydraulics Characterization.” Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology - Aqua 50 (4): 245–61, https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2001.0021.
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献