Photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen in water via ultraviolet light and titanium dioxide thin films part II: chemical and kinetic aspects

Abstract

Abstract Among the large family of emergent pharmaceutical contaminants, we find acetaminophen (ACE) that critically needs to be removed from wastewater. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) have proven effective in the degradation of large molecular contaminants from water. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reported on the degradation of ACE based on immobilized TiO2 thin films. In an effort to increase the understanding of the efficiency of the degradation process, an in-depth investigation of the effects of the structure, i.e., coating layers and the amount of surface, i.e., number of coated slides used, is needed. Transparent, anatase-form TiO2 thin films were prepared via the sol-gel method (Rawal, S., S. Buer, J. R. Sanders, and P. E. Arce. 2021. “Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen from Water Solutions Via Thin Films. Part I: Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Thin Films.” International Journal of Reactor Engineering [Accepted]) and deposited onto glass microscope slides using a novel spraying technique, with coatings ranging from one to 10 layers. This contribution summarizes the effect of several key factors including initial concentration of the ACE, the number of coating layers (6, 8, and 10) on the glass slides and the number (4 and 6) of slides on the degradation levels for three selected media, e.g., acid, neutral and base. Comparisons studies, supported by statistical analysis between two different sets (4 and 6) of slides with discussion of potential physical-chemical reasons behind the behaviors are reported. Finally, global, first order kinetic rate constants are also reported for the different conditions used in the investigation. Although further research would be needed, in general the results are promising for the potential degradation of ACE in continuous flow systems by using immobilized TiO2 on surfaces as thin films.