Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)
Author:
Drioua Soufiane1, El-Guourrami Otman1, Assouguem Amine23, Ameggouz Mouna1, Kara Mohammed4, Ullah Riaz5, Bari Ahmed6, Zahidi Ahmed7, Skender Azra8, Benzeid Hanane1, Doukkali Anass1
Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat , Rabat , Morocco 2. Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , PO Box 2202 Imouzzer Street , Fez 30000 , Morocco 3. Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Fez 30000 , Morocco 4. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University , BP 1796 Atlas , Fez 30000 , Morocco 5. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia 6. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Riyadh Province 11451 , Saudi Arabia 7. Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat , Rabat , Morocco 8. Department of Agriculture, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Bihac , 77000 Bihać , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides, a member of the Chenopodiaceae family, is renowned for its toxic properties. Despite its toxicity, it has been traditionally utilized in various communities, particularly in pediatric contexts, for its vermifuge, antispasmodic, and antipyretic attributes. This study aims to unravel the phytochemical composition present in organic fractions and aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial components of C. ambrosioides. Furthermore, our objective is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these extracts and fractions, coupled with a comprehensive examination of their toxicological effects. Polyphenols were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids via the aluminum trichloride reagent AlCl3, and tannins using the vanillin method. Identification of bioactive compounds within the plant specimen was accomplished through GC-MS spectrophotometric analysis. The assessment of antioxidant activity employed DPPH, ferric (Fe3+) ion antioxidant reducing power (FRAP), ABTS, and TAC methods, with quercetin, catechin, and ascorbic acid serving as standards. Dermoprotective activity was studied using the ultraviolet absorption test. The GC-MS analysis conducted on the aqueous extracts (EAI and EAM) and assorted fractions (FCH, FE, FB, and FA) revealed the presence of diverse chemical families encompassing alcohols, acids, terpenes, steroids, and phenolic compounds. The components identified in the investigated samples, including trans-ascaridol glycol, palmitic acid, phenol, octadecadienoic acid, isoascaridol, eicosanoic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, mexiletine, and thymol, are postulated as potential contributors to the observed antioxidant activity inherent in the plant extracts and fractions. Our findings highlight the remarkable antioxidant potential of Chenopodium ambrosioides, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the highest activity (IC50 = 0.54 mg/ml) in the DPPH test. In the FRAP and ABTS tests, the n-butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions demonstrated superior activity (IC50 = 4.43 mg/ml, 12.9 mg/ml and IC50 = 1.6 mg/ml, 4.54 mg/ml, respectively). Conversely, the TAC test revealed that the macerated aqueous extract displayed the highest activity (316.33 mg Eq AG/g), followed closely by the n-butanolic fraction (250.67 mg Eq AG/g). These outcomes can be attributed to the abundant presence of phenolic compounds in the n-butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as the macerated aqueous extract, playing a pivotal role in the observed antioxidant activity. Additionally, our investigation of the dermoprotective activity demonstrated robust efficacy in the ethyl acetate fraction (FE) and the n-butanolic fraction (FB) compared to the standard agents employed (ZnO and methyl salicylate). Overall, our comprehensive studies affirm that the extracts and fractions derived from C. ambrosioides manifest moderate antioxidant activities alongside significant dermoprotective potential, elucidated by the presence of phenolic compounds in moderate quantities within the plant.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
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