Second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging: a novel diagnostic technique for brain diseases
Author:
Xie Na1, Hou Ya1, Wang Shaohui2, Ai Xiaopeng1, Bai Jinrong1, Lai Xianrong2, Zhang Yi2, Meng Xianli3, Wang Xiaobo3
Affiliation:
1. College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , China 2. Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , China 3. State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources , Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , China
Abstract
Abstract
Imaging in the second near-infrared II (NIR-II) window, a kind of biomedical imaging technology with characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution, and real-time imaging, is commonly used in the diagnosis of brain diseases. Compared with the conventional visible light (400–750 nm) and NIR-I (750–900 nm) imaging, the NIR-II has a longer wavelength of 1000–1700 nm. Notably, the superiorities of NIR-II can minimize the light scattering and autofluorescence of biological tissue with the depth of brain tissue penetration up to 7.4 mm. Herein, we summarized the main principles of NIR-II in animal models of traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular visualization, brain tumor, inflammation, and stroke. Simultaneously, we encapsulated the in vivo process of NIR-II probes and their in vivo and in vitro toxic effects. We further dissected its limitations and following optimization measures.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
General Neuroscience
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